The Effect Of Arthropods On Our Earth - 1289 Words

Introduction Arthropods are fundamental animals to life on earth. For example, many of these arthropods help plants pollinate. Others can carry diseases from host to host, but their success story is due to how long they have been present on earth. This has led the high diversity within the phylum Arthropoda, with more than ten million different species, making up more than eighty percent of the organisms in kingdom Animalia. This only includes classified species; it is believed millions of other species exists, but have not been discovered. These arthropods can be found in various places; for example most are terrestrial and others are aquatic (Hickman and Roberts, 1994) . Evolution has helped them to conquer the skies as well. A reason as to why it is believed unclassified species exist is because they may live in remote areas, such as deep in a tropical rainforests. The arthropods share many characteristics facilitating their mass divergence. First of all they are part of kingdom Animalia; characteristics that make an arthropod an animal consist of being multicellular organism lacking cell walls. Their bodies consist of true tissue for sensory and movement, which aids in activities such as finding food and finding a mate. Arthropods’ bodies have three germ layers, or triploblastic. These germ layers consist of an endoderm, mesoderm, and an ectoderm. The endoderm develops into the digestive organs; the ectoderm develops into muscular tissue, and the ectoderm into theShow MoreRelatedThe Phenomenon Of Reproductive Parasitism And Its Evolutionary Implications1210 Words   |  5 Pagesorigin of major life forms on Earth and in the generation of biological diversity. 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Media Culture the Triumph of the Spectacle Free Essays

string(66) " through hundreds of years of wars and other major public events\." Media Culture: the Triumph of the Spectacle â€Å"Media culture is a contested terrain across which key social groups and competing political ideologies struggle for dominance and . . . We will write a custom essay sample on Media Culture: the Triumph of the Spectacle or any similar topic only for you Order Now individuals live these struggles through the images, discourses, myths, and spectacle of media culture† -Douglas Kellner, Media Culture Table of Contents Introduction——————————————————————————————-3 History of Media————————————————————————————-4 Media Spectacle————————————————————————————–5 Douglas Kellner’s Contribution Guy Debord’s Influential Analysis of Spectacle——-7 The Spectacle Form of Media Culture—————————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€8 The Spectacle in the World of Business———————————————————-9 The World of Celebrities————————————————————————–10 The Madonna Phenomenon———————————————————————–10 The World of Politics——————————————————————————11 Conclusion———————†”——————————————————————13 Bibliography—————————————————————————————-14 Introduction At the end of the twentieth century, society became more and more aware of the changes in communication technology. People began to see changes in ommunication between individuals, changes in how individuals and society communicated, and changes in communication between societies and cultures. This led to an understanding of human development. The ability to communicate with the help of symbols is one of the fundamental features that differentiate us from the rest of the animal world. Without these practical communication skills and the intellectua l capacity needed to use these skills to transmit, preserve, and propagate thoughts, emotions, and values, it would not have been possible to create such unique religious, ideological, and philosophical systems. Furthermore, without communication, we would not have art. Art has had a strong relationship with the media throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. New inventions and technology created a very favorable atmosphere for the development of new methods and means of communication. These new communication methods both benefited and furthered events within society. At the end of the 20th century, advanced methods and technologies in the field of communication fully changed the face of the world. Due to this change, some say it is very hard to find the line between reality and the reality that has been created and filtered by media. Some contemporary communication theoreticians have said that we find ourselves in the era of the simulation of the world. History of Media Mass media, a term that arose in the United States in the early 20th century with the advent of far-reaching advertising campaigns and news networks, includes all those mediums through which information is distributed to the masses. This includes advertisements, newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the internet. According to some scientists, people started to speak of the media as far back as ancient Greece and Rome. These discussions of media focused mostly on the rhetoric surrounding the practice of persuasion. The Greek philosopher Aristotle said that rhetoric is â€Å"the faculty of discovering in any particular case all the methods of persuasion. † This kind of communication puts a heavy emphasis on meaning, and how the meaning is constructed and conveyed. Current mass media works in a similar way. One of the most important goals f today’s media is to construct a message that will convince the receiver to agree to do or believe something. The earliest surv iving copy of a paper book, a Kumarajiva translation of the Hindu text The Diamond Sutra, is dated 868 CE (AD). Due to the slow spread of literacy among the common people, and the relatively high cost of paper and production of written media, written materials did not exist as widespread media until Johannes Gutenberg’s 1450 CE invention of the printing press with movable type. Thanks to Gutenberg’s invention, printed materials suddenly became much less expensive, and the spread of information in the form of written material became much easier. However, much of the population still remained illiterate and the cost of publishing printed materials remained high enough to limit media from reaching a wide range of the population. Newspapers were first developed in 1605. The first English-language newspaper was published in Amsterdam in 1620. Soon after that, newspapers published in England, and, eventually, in America, began to reach mass audiences directly. Around this same time, America was being colonized, and printed and written materials played an important role. Revolutionary material such as Thomas Paine’s Common Sense was published and distributed to the colonists, allowing the spread of ideas that eventually resulted in the creation of the United States. The Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Mayflower Compact1 were all examples of early colonial and American documents that figured prominently in the development of America as a nation. In the 1940s, new technologies and advancements in the field of media began to emerge. Radio began to play a major role in mass communication, as America went to war. Radio could provide information much faster than newspapers. These new advents in technology allowed media to gain significance, new meaning, and wider function. Radio, film, advertising, and the press grew as industries and became the center of the culture of communication within the U. S. nd within other capitalist democracies. The culture of media became a dominant force within all aspects of life, including politics and social life. 2 It was the beginning of a new era. The media industry began to concentrate on the invention of new technologies. They both wanted to provide people with a wide range of different good s from which they could choose but also wanted to continue to develop ways in which to reach and influence people. The media could now easily affect the minds of the public, forcing the people to accept a particular set of beliefs, which occasionally diverted from actual reality. Societies started to be manipulated and people were indoctrinated. The main goal of media was and still is to be persuasive enough to attract the attention of a potential receiver, and one of the most convenient ways to accomplish this goal is through the multimedia spectacle. Media Spectacle ‘Media spectacle’ is a term created by Douglas Kellner to describe the creation by modern media of a display of contemporary dreams, nightmares, fantasies and values. The phenomenon of media spectacle has evolved over centuries, starting in ancient Greece and moving forward through hundreds of years of wars and other major public events. You read "Media Culture: the Triumph of the Spectacle" in category "Papers" Today, media spectacle continually strives to achieve sensation and attract attention. In the contemporary world, media spectacle exists in nearly all spheres of our lives. The role of the media is not only to inform, educate, teach, and persuade but also to entertain. The role of media today might suggest that the â€Å"fun factor† has become the leading motivation for our involvement in media and information. The main goal in media is now to attract the visual attention of potential consumers. Therefore, images have become more important than text. It is also very important for the creators and producers of media to keep up with ongoing changes in public interest and attitudes, so media companies face a continual need to be flexible and creative in order to reach consumers. This applies not only to advertisment but also to political and entertainment media in general. Media not only needs to be visual and relevant, but also attractive. Advertisers, public relations departments, and political campaigners need to create messages that are structured in an attractive way, so that it reaches viewers and corresponds to their high expectations of mass media. If this is not done, the consumer will likely not respond to the media. It frequently occurs that a person is faced with a constant influx of media. The information that he or she is presented with may come from a variety of sources, and is likely both true and false information. Over time, it may become difficult for the consumer to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong; to distinguish between reality and fiction. Modern life is shaped by media. It is a power that affects both conscious and subconscious decisions and shapes ideas. We are surrounded by media. Boorstin writes that â€Å"each society and its culture are impelled by fascination with the image and the stimulation and due to it lost its grounding in substance or reality†. 3 Douglas Kellner’s Contribution Guy Debord’s Influential Analysis of Spectacle Widely recognized social scientist Douglas Kellner and sociologist Guy Debord focused heavily on the topic of the Media Spectacle and its impact on perceived reality. Kellner is the author of the article â€Å"Media Culture and the Triumph of the Spectacle. † The scope of his activity and achievement includes membership in the American Sociological Association. He was also a member of the editorial service board of many journals including Theory, Culture, and Society. It is this journal that for more than twenty years has published some of the most innovative works in social science. It has been in the forefront of the renewal of cultural sociology. It provides a forum for articles that theorize the relationship between culture and society. In his article Kellner refers to ideas put forward by Guy Deboard. He is known for his impact through the group known as Situationist International. This was a libertarian group that came to prominence during the May Events in France in 1968. This band of avant-garde artists and intellectuals was influenced by Dada, Surrealism and Letterism and concerned themselves with the infusion of poetry and music, and with the transformation of the urban landscape. At first, the group was principally concerned with the suppression of art, that is to say they wished, like the Dadaist and the Surrealists before them, to supercede the boundary between art and culture as separate activities and to transform them into part of everyday life. In their analysis, the Situationists argue that capitalism limited life as a spectacle. The spectacle is the main concept of their theory (in many ways they reworked Marx’s view of alienation). They say that the worker is alienated from his product and from his fellow worker and finds himself living in an alien world; moreover, they argue that capitalism, in order to ensure its economic growth, has created â€Å"pseudo-needs† to increase the consumption. According to this theory, modern society, or consumer society, is now a society of spectacular commodity consumption. People within this spectacle are treated like objects, rather than like active subjects. In this theory, people are like marionettes whose strings are pulled by invisible power. The Situationists’ idea was, in spite of all kinds of separation, to make a world in which individuals could directly produce their own life; in other words, to engage people in an active, creative life. The solution, for them, was not to wait for a distant revolution but to take a different approach, a â€Å"step by step† process of the reinvention of everyday life, here and now. To transform peoples’ participation in the world was for them the same thing as changing the structure of society. In the place of the society of the spectacle the Situationists proposed a society without money, commodity production, private property, wage labour, class division, based generally on communist ideas. The most important tenet of the proposal was that the so-called pseudo-needs would be replaced by real desires. This utopial ideal seemed to some to be slightly out of touch with reality but aimed to move the focus of the world away from lies and distortion. The Situationists placed a large amount of focus on the concept that individuals should actively and consciously participate in the reconstruction of every moment of life. They called themselves Situationists because they believed that all individuals should construct the situations of their lives, release their own potential, and obtain their own pleasure. The Spectacle-Form of Media Culture As I wrote earlier, spectacle culture has expanded in every area of life â€Å"and is becoming one of the organizing principles of the economy, polity, society†4. Guy Debord argues that â€Å"spectacle is†¦ social relation among people, mediated by images. The spectacle †¦ is a world vision, which has become objectified. . . in all its specific forms, as information or propaganda, as advertisement or direct entertainment consumption, the spectacle is the present model of socially dominant life†¦. â€Å"5. The spectacle phenomenon in this case refers to both high culture and to low cultural shows. The development of new media technologies made it easier for media to exercise influence over contemporary societies and cultures. In these societies media presented with images has the edge over plain texts. The visual spectacle, which combines all aspects of culture that communicate through visual means, made itself the ruler of the â€Å"outside world†. Factories and offices where people work are visually soaked environments. Films, television, video games, and the internet are also part of the influx of visual media that affects our thinking and behaviors. Moreover, we comunicate with the help of visualization. When we are trying to cross over cultural boundaries, our knowledge is often communicated visually, for example, we may use visual cues such as map boundaries and business graphs and data. The Spectacle in the World of Business The propagation of the spectacle is a major aspect of business, and plays a decisive role in whether any given corporation will succeed or not. Businesses, in order to survive, need to be present and visible for the potential customer. Entertainment and advertisement are the powers that support the business world through various of methods, one of which is creating a ‘pseudo event’. The idea of a ‘pseudo event’ was put forward by Daniel Boorstin, an American historian, who claimed that America and other countries find themselves in an age of illusion. The ‘pseudo event’ occurs where â€Å"an event is planned and staged entirely for the media, which accrues significance through the scale of its media coverage rather than through any more disinterested assessment of its importance†. 6 So to speak â€Å"pseudo event† exist for sole purpose of supporting media publicity and serves little to no other function in real life and is considered â€Å"real† only after viewing through news, advertisements, television, or other types of media. An extremely simple example is sitting for a family portrait. The event serves no other purpose than to be viewed through a photograph. Other examples include media spectacles, and many types of news. The World of Celebrities Media contributes to the creation of celebrities. â€Å"The celebrity†¦ is the human pseudo event, fabricated for the media and evaluated in terms of the scale and effectiveness of its media yisibility†. 7 A famous person provides dominant role models and icons of fashion, style, personality, and, at the same time, leads to the enrichment of the media industry. Media entrepreneurs want celebrities involved with their projects because they believe this will help them attract audiences. Film producers use stars as mean of attracting investment to their projects. Marketers use public celebrity statements as a means of profiling and branding their products. Sports promoters use celebrity athletes to attract media attention and increase the number of people who would come to that sport event. Celebrities also make money for the individual concerned. Their success depends on various handlers and image managers that help them to develop their public persona. Celebrities invade all kinds of sites today, ranging from contests in shopping malls to the management of major political campaigns. The importance of publicity, promotion and the exploitation of the media event are omnipresent. The Madonna Phenomenon Madonna became a master in her use of image with the help of mass media. Daniel Borstin is responsible for one of the most widely quoted aphorisms about celebrity: â€Å"the celebrity is a person who is well-known for his well-knownness. . . the celebrity develops its capacity for fame, not by achieving great things, but by differentiating its own personality from those of its competitors in the public arena. â€Å"8   Madonna has achieved just that. She has total control over her shows. She writes the songs, produces the music, and designs the stage sets. She controls all aspects of her show; not just her spectacle, but also all the things she does, including her films and public appearances. Madonna’s entire life turns around the presentation of her image. Madonna is one of the greatest PR machines in history and she has hired top agents, publicists, and creative personnel to market her and produce her images. From the beginning her every move was surrounded by publicity and year after year Madonna references in media culture have proliferate d. â€Å"9   The circulation of an image plays a very important role as well. Madonna constantly changes her public image. Whoever she is at the moment; a good girl gone bad or a virgin in white, a glamour queen or a cosmic spirit or, finally, a doting mother, her ability to change images every couple of years has fascinated the world, and has been vital in her success. There is also other side of the coin, the pessimistic one, that assumes that Madonna is a victim of her own image, or that she finds herself in an artificially constructed reality. That problem is not only a problem for her, but also for our culture as a whole. Image is dominating more and more of our lives. The World of Politics â€Å"The brutal reality of the modern age is that all famous people are treated like celebrities by mass media, whether they be a great political figure, a worthy campaigner, an artist touched by genius, a serial killer. The newspapers and television programs responsible for their publicity do not draw any meaningful distinction between how they are publicised. â€Å"10 The most significant thing is to make a spectacle of oneself in order to be recognizable. If you want to gain the state of being popular you have to make yourself highly desirable, and the most important thing is to be visible through the media. No special achievements are needed to be popular; only the attraction of public attention is required. In the world of politics, if one wants to be good politician, one has to be spectacular. The management of the media’ reporting of politics has become increasingly important to contemporary political campaigns. Public relations consultants, media advisers, and press officers have become standard components of the contemporary world of politics. Media spectacle is also an inseparable part of politics. It can often be seen that most well-known people engage in politics. This can be interpreted as political manipulation. It is possible that it is useful because spectators find it easier to identify with a celebrity that they know from TV than with a person that they are seeing for the first time. Conclusion In the contemporary world, mass media, and as a part of mass media, media spectacle, play very important roles. So many people live their lives or parts of their lives vicariously through the image world of the media- through TV, through soap operas, through any media outlet. Everything is just a matter of subjective perspective; everything is relative, depending on where you stand. Everything turns around the world we choose or create for ourselves. There is no reality, there are only images, different images. We can only see the world from where we stand, from that context, that language, that constructed reality. In other words, the things that you say and do are all coming from the outside-from the world of media. The real you is lost. Life becomes virtual, and we are living in the image. Bibliography: 1. Reader â€Å"Literary and Cultural Representation of American Society: Visual Media†, Prof. Dr. R. Isensee, â€Å"Super Media, A Cultural Studies Approach†, Michael R. Real, pp. 26 2. â€Å"Media Culture, Cultural studies, identity and politics between the modern and the postmodern. †, Douglas Kellner, pp. 16. 3. â€Å"Understanding celebrity†, Graeme Turner, Introduction, pp. 5. 4. Reader â€Å"Literary and Cultural Representation of American Society: Visual Media†, Prof. Dr. R. Isensee, â€Å"Media Culture and the Triumph of the Spectacle†, Douglas Kellner, pp. 1. 5. Debord Guy, â€Å"Separation Perfected†, in Evans and Hall(eds. ), â€Å"Visual Culture†,the Reader. Sage Publication, pp. 95-96 6. â€Å"Understanding celebrity†, Graeme Turner, Introduction, pp. 5. 7. â€Å"Understanding celebrity†, Graeme Turner, Introduction, pp. 5. 8. â€Å"Understanding celebrity†, Graeme Turner, Introduction, pp. 5. 9. â€Å"Media Culture, Cultural studies, identity and politics between the modern and the postmodern. †, Douglas Kellner, pp. 268 10. â€Å"Understanding celebrity†, Graeme Turner, Introduction, pp. 7. 11. â€Å"Visual Persuation- The Role of Images in Advertising†, Paul Messaris 12 â€Å"Mass Media and Society†(second edition), editied by James Curran and Michael Gurevitch. How to cite Media Culture: the Triumph of the Spectacle, Papers

Spanking Essay Research Paper Does Spanking Lead free essay sample

Spanking Essay, Research Paper Department of energies Spanking Lead Child Abuse? Were you spanked as a kid? Do you believe paddling effected you? Every parent has been in a state of affairs where a good spanking seems like the lone manner to set an terminal to small Junior? s pique fit. Parents use a figure to grounds, some you may hold heard, to utilize spanking as a signifier of subject. They may state? Spare the rod and botch the child. ? Or? I was spanked and I turned out okey. ? Even? Childs need paddling to demo them who? s foreman. ? The issue I wish to show is whether or non paddling leads to a rise in kid maltreatment and subsequently force. Do kids who are spanked or physically punished see paddling as a violent act? Do they larn to see force as an acceptable manner to work out a job? When parents spank their kids are they steering them or commanding them? Nancy Samalin, writer of Love and Anger, believes that paddling is nil more than a large individual hitting a smaller individual and it can make damage to your kid? s witting. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanking Essay Research Paper Does Spanking Lead or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ? A kid who obeys because of the fright of being spanked, ? she explains? is most likely non to develop a sense of right or incorrect without being policed by a more powerful authorization figure. ? ( Samalin, p. 154 ) . She believes that paddling the kid you have non set an illustration that you want your kid to follow in the hereafter. New surveies have shown that kids who are abused by their parents physically, emotionally, or sexually turn up and go opprobrious parents themselves. Further surveies have shown that kids who are physically punished deficiency empathy and concern that helps them attention for others. A public sentiment canvass conducted by the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse in 1994 asked parents how they disciplined their kids in the old twelvemonth. Denying privileges was used by 79 per centum of the parents ; parturiency to a room was used by 59 per centum ; 49 per centum spanked or hit their kids ; and 45 per centum insulted or swore at their kids. What was astonishing about these statistics was that 51 per centum did non paddle their kids. Now consider the rise in kid maltreatment instances that has caused public-health functionaries scrambling for an account faulting paddling made sense. Trouble is, while paddling is down, child maltreatment is still up. Joan McCord, writer of? Questioning the Value of Punishment, ? believes that penalty in general is the ground for the addition in child maltreatment and force. She found that neglected, abused, rejected, every bit good as Tho Se physically punished tend to go antisocial. Many childhood development experts suggest that concluding, speaking, and listening to kids work good in learning what is right and incorrect. Harmonizing to University of New Hampshire sociologist Murray Straus? when parents use bodily penalty to cut down [ antisocial behaviour ] , the long-run consequence tends to be opposite. ? ( Time, p 65 ) . He besides suggests that saving the rod will assist cut down overall degrees of force in America. Stratus found that kids whose parents spanked them, when compared to those non spanked, were more aggressive, had higher rates of juvenile delinquency, had higher rates of spousal maltreatment, had lower economic accomplishment, and showed higher drug and intoxicant maltreatment rates. ? By paddling, ? he claims, ? parents model the norm of force and legitimizes it as a manner to work out problems. ? ( Straus, p127 ) . In turn outing his claim Straus collected information from phone interviews conducted by the United States Bureau of Labor. Statistics started in 1979 with 807 female parents with kids ages six to nine. They were asked how many times they had spanked their kids in the p ast hebdomad and what the kid? s behaviour was like- did they lie, darnel, bargain, move up in school? Two old ages subsequently the same group was polled once more and certain plenty, the kids who had been spanked had become antisocial. However in looking at the statistics more closely, Dr. Den Trumbull, a pro-spanking fan, found that the female parents ranged in the age from 14 to 24. Those who spanked did so on an norm of twice a hebdomad. He besides observed that the restricting the age to six to nine old ages old misrepresented the consequences. By the age of six to nine the kids can understand the effects of their actions. For them physical penalty, such as spanking, is more likely to be more humiliating and traumatizing. ? These factors, ? says Trumbull, ? plus the fact that some of the childs were every bit old as nine are markers of a dysfunctional household in the head and in the heads of most psychologist and pediatricians. ? ( Time, p. 67 ) . Harmonizing to Trumbull, man y other surveies have shown that physical penalty is effectual and non harmful to childhood development if it is restricted to kids between 18 months to 6 old ages of age. Children between these ages have hapless apprehension of the effects of their behaviour. He besides suggests that paddling should be merely as a last resort. After seting the kid on a? time-out? so warn him or her that the following? move up? will convey on a whack on the underside.

The Theme of Violence in the Poem Hawk Roosting by Ted Hughes Essay Example For Students

The Theme of Violence in the Poem Hawk Roosting by Ted Hughes Essay Animals are living things that we see in our everyday lives yet we dont seem to give them any importance. Very few people give them the respect they deserve. The poems I am going to compare are based on animals. The animals are given human qualities, which are done purposely by Ted Hughes to make us realize what we really are. Very few poets have chosen animals to take the lead roles in their poems. Ted Hughes is one of those few poets who have taken animals to play the lead role in his poems. Many of Ted Hughes poems have their subjects on predatory animals and birds. We will write a custom essay on The Theme of Violence in the Poem Hawk Roosting by Ted Hughes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The latent feeling of violence and power in untamed creatures fascinated Hughes. In his poems, animals and birds are not decorative or incidental but central symbols of vitality. Pike and Hawk Roosting are the two poems of Ted Hughes, which I am going to compare. These two poems convey the theme of violence and power very clearly. The selfishness and self-centered attitude of the animals is another prominent theme in the play. These themes are brought out in various ways and various lines, Pike ted hughes. Both animals, the Hawk and the Pike make it very clear that they want to be the dominant creatures in their respected habitat. Ted Hughes always has most of the most of the poems he writes with the name of the animal as the title. He tries to convey messages through his title but few can understand the titles meaning without first reading the poem. The title of the first poem that is Pike is very straightforward. Through the title we know that the poem is based on a pike, which is a fish and on its life. But to understand the real meaning of the poem we have to read the first stanza of the poem. The repetition of the word pike in the very first line shows us the importance the pike gives to himself. We now know that the poem is going to be on the pikes lust for power and the path it will take to achieve it. The title of the second poem I am doing is Hawk Roosting. It is quite a good title. It deceives the reader because when we first read the title we get an impression that it is going to be a poem about a hawk that is resting. We are completely unprepared for what is going to be present in the poem. The title prepares us for a still life study of the bird that is supposed to be one of the most feared predatory birds in flight. But only after we read the poem we realize that the title has a different meaning. The hawk is only pretending to be asleep or at rest so that it could try to catch its prey by surprise. This shows us how devious and intellectual the hawk can be. The title is very deceptive and is able to surprise the reader. Hawk Roosting is a more interesting title than Pike which is very straightforward. In the first stanza of the poem Pike we see that the poet shows us the description of the Pike. Perfect, Pike in all parts, green triggering gold. Killers from the egg: the malevolent aged grin. The first line reveals to us the beauty of the pike. We now think that the pike is a good and beautiful fish. But that image is broken from our minds when we read the next line. This line killers from the egg completely changes our judgment towards the pike. We question ourselves, how could such a beautiful creature be so ruthless? We get the answer from the phrase Killers from the egg. Then the word malevolent also makes us feel ill of the pike just, as the pike likes to injury to others. The image of the good and beautiful fish is completely destroyed by the sudden contrast, and we are filled with the image of a ruthless murderer. Ted Hughes applies the same method in Hawk Roosting. From the title we get a picture of a hawk resting which is posing no threat to other animals. But when we read the last three lines of the first stanza this image we built up of the hawk suddenly changes. In action, no falsifying dream Between my hooked head and hooked feet: Or in sleep rehearse perfect kills and eats. These words are a complete contrast of what we understood from the title. We see that the hawk has no falsifying dream. The hawk must have a lot of mental power to keep false dreams away from his mind. This gives us the image that the hawk is a strong bird not only physically but also mentally strong as well. The hawks hooked head and hooked feet symbolize the hawks lust for power. The repletion of the word hooked emphasizes the deadly nature of the hawk showing that from top to bottom the hawk is completely filled with violence. The hawk also makes it clear of knowing what he wants even in his sleep. In sleep the hawk practiced perfect kills and eats. This shows us that the hawks mind is completely preoccupied with the thoughts of killing other animals. The first line I sit in the top of the wood shows us that the hawk is symbolizing the power that it has over the surroundings. The hawk and pike both have physical power. They use these powers to the full extent. The pikes life is subdued to instruments, its jaws hooked clamp and fangs. These lines show the killing instruments the pike has. Just as the hawk has a hooked head and hooked feet so to the pike has hooked jaws. These jaws are very handy in killing other pikes because pikes eat only other pikes. The fangs of the pike are so important to him that you can say that it was created just to kill. The hawk also uses its hooked head and hooked feet to kill its prey. The word hooked has a very forceful sound. The hawk uses its hooked head to kill its prey. The hooked feet are not only used to kill but to maintain its glory. My feet are locked upon the rough bark. This line very clearly portrays that the hawk has power over its surroundings. We see that the hawk is keeping everything under him. Through the words rough bark we see that even though the bark is tough to go through the hawk can easily penetrate through it. This is a sort of warning to show that any animal, which tries to oppose the hawk, will have to face the wrath of the hawk, something that can be very painful. We see that both animals use their killing instruments to the full capacity in order to maintain power and glory. In the poem Pike we see that the pike kills its own kind so that it can survive without any threat to its power. Three were kept behind glass, Suddenly there were two, finally one. These lines tell us that the pikes fought against each other so that in the end only the strongest will emerge as the winner. We see here that it is turning out to be the survival of the fittest. Only the best can live. The line kept behind glass refers to the pikes being kept in an aquarium. The aquarium is supposed to be a small world where there is little to gain and everything to lose. But the pike still kills the other two without any remorse. We see the pikes self-centered attitude. The poet gives us an even more vivid picture of the pikes brutality through the following phrase. One jammed passed its gill down the others gullet The outside eyes stared. These lines reveal to us the cruelty of the pike. The pike was slowly learning that in killing others he was slowly killing himself. The first line gives us a picture that the pike was squeezing the other pike down its own throat. Though the pike was choking to death, it wanted to kill the other pike and then die so that it would have the satisfaction of victory even though it might have died a few seconds later. This shows us that the pike has no feelings not for itself and not for others as well. In Hawk Roosting Ted Hughes uses forceful words such as tearing, death, etc. the cruelty of the hawk is brought out in the poem. .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 , .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 .postImageUrl , .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 , .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5:hover , .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5:visited , .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5:active { border:0!important; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5:active , .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5 .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u97967a5ca29efc6d12e1a4515700d1f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: I am going to explore conflict and violence between two families Montague Capulet EssayThe poem is a very strong one. The cruelty the two animals bring out in each poem is shown from the description of the way they kill. But in Hawk Roosting the killing is more effective and realistic because it is the hawks own narration we are witnessing. This enables us to get a clearer picture of the cruelty the hawk shows. We know the hawks procedure of killing through the quote: My manners are tearing off heads- The allotment of death For one path of my flight is direct Through the bones of the living. These lines clearly and vividly bring out the violent way in which the hawk kill s its prey. The word manners has a different meaning. It helps to intensify the cruelty of the hawk. Manners is a word that is used only to the good qualities of a person or in this case an animal. But in this case the word manners is used to bring out the cruelty of the hawk. The violence and cruelty of the hawk is further emphasized through the lines one path of my flight is direct through the bones of the living. These lines show us that when the hawk wants to kill it will kill without making mistakes. It is like torturing its prey because once you drive through the flesh the prey wont die immediately. It will be a slow and painful death. It will not give its prey a chance to escape. In these four lines the way the hawk kills is very powerfully emphasized. There is the use of alliteration by the repetition of the letter t. This can be showed through the words tearing, allotment, death, path, flight, and direct. The repetition of the letter t makes the character of the hawk seem more powerful. The words show that the hawk is an unmerciful and ruthless creature. Both animals the pike and the hawk show that they have no remorse at all while killing other animals. The poet Ted Hughes has brought out the lack of remorse the animals feel in each poem in a different way. In Pike the pike shows no remorse for killing fellow pikes because from birth itself it has been doing this and if it was killing from birth then it would not know the meaning of remorse. Whereas in Hawk Roosting the hawk feels that it has the right to kill other animals and if it has the right to kill other animals then it should not feel any remorse. In Pike the lack of remorse is brought out through these lines. With a sag belly and grin it was born with. And indeed they spare nobody. These lines show us that the lack of remorse is a part of the pike. It is like the pike has a gene, which prevents it from showing any remorse. The pike is grinning because it has killed another pike. So the pike is mocking the other pike for not being able to defend itself. The poet shows us that the pike may be powerful mentally as well because the grin could have been an outward appearance just to attack its victim. The line And indeed they spare nobody show us the cruelty the pike has and the way it kills any fish of its own species because it is afraid of losing its powerful position as leader of the place it lives in. his shows us that the pike is afraid of losing its position so he is not all powerful and fearless. The pike may lose its position anytime without even noticing it but this does not happen in the poem. It also shows that the pike is jealous because it is not willing to share its leadership with any other fish. In Pike the lack of remorse of killing others is shown directly but in Hawk Roosting the hawks lack of remorse is brought out by the hawks impression that it was born with the right to kill. So the hawk can kill anyone and anything and if it has the right then why show remorse. This is meaningless because if anyone was given the right to kill he/she would go on killing and there would be no way of stopping them because they have the right to kill. The hawk reveals his right to kill through the lines: I kill where I please because it is all mine. No arguments assert my right. These lines show the impression the hawk has. This is the reason why the hawk kills without mercy. The fact that no arguments can declare his rights shows that the hawk has a lot of power with nothing more powerful than it not even Creation. We know this when the hawk says, Now I hold Creation in my foot. The hawks violent power is not subject to any check or hesitation. The one path of the hawks flight is through the bones of the living. It is like an arrow or a bullet that destroys when leaving the weapon. Might is right and the hawk needs no arguments to justify its actions. The lines make the hawks philosophy of life very clear. Other creatures must die in order for it to live. The tone in both poems is very effective in bringing out the major themes, which are power and violence. The major role the tone plays is in the way the poems are being narrated. In Pike the narration of the poem is being portrayed by the poet and not by the pike. The poet may have been observing pikes before writing the poem and upon learning that pikes resemble humans in their violent nature he found a way to write the poem. He is comparing the pike to humans. In Hawk Roosting however the hawk itself is the speaker of the poem. It gives us the feeling that the hawk is speaking directly to us which is a very good technique used by the poet because the hawk itself is telling us that it has become like us, it has the same lust for power which, we have. Its monologue of plain, forceful words matches the arrogant frankness of the speaker. The hawk is arrogant because it is blowing its own trumpet on how powerful it is and on its right to kill. In one stanza we see the poet keeps three pikes behind glass. They are in an aquarium. Three we kept behind glass, Jungled in the weed: three inches, four, And four and a half: fed fry to them. Suddenly there were two. Finally one. The pike that is the character of the poem is three inches long. The other two pikes are bigger than it. The fact that the poet mentioned the size of the pikes clearly indicate that the poet was struck by the fact that the pike was able to kill and eat both the other pikes in quick succession. He is stunned by the fact that the smallest of the pikes would commit such a cruel thing as eating two other pikes bigger than itself. This shows us that size doesnt matter. Even small people may be strong enough to overcome and kill a person who is bigger. So the poet is trying to tell us never to rely on outward appearances. In Hawk Roosting the tone can more easily be recognized because the hawk himself is the speaker. The poem is in the form of an interior monologue so the tone can be more easily recognized through certain lines, which are there in the poem. It took the whole of Creation To produce my foot, my each feather: Now I hold Creation in my foot. We can easily make out the arrogant tone of the hawk through these lines. The hawk says that it took the whole of Creation to produce his foot and feathers yet instead of being grateful and being under the patronage of Creation for making him so beautiful, the hawk takes it for granted. The hawk thinks that Creation was there only to create him. The hawks gloating tone is pronounced in this stanza. .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 , .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 .postImageUrl , .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 , .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008:hover , .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008:visited , .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008:active { border:0!important; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008:active , .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008 .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6e51fed97d7b4306c050c4193575d008:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: media violence EssayCreation has produced its feet and feathers but instead of showing gratitude, the hawk gloats over its seeming ability to dominate Creation itself. In the fourth stanza the hawk arrogantly senses that in flight Creation revolves for it because it is all mine. Creation is only a killing ground for the hawk and like the air and sun simply exist as a tool that the hawk will use just to fulfill its destiny. But what the hawk does not know is that just as Creation created the hawk it can reduce to him to nothing as well but instead Creation let him get on with his life. The arrogant tone of the hawk is brought out through these lines as well. The convenience of the high trees! The airs buoyancy and the suns ray Are advantage to me And the earths face upward for my inspection. In this stanza there is a change in emphasis from the hawk itself to its surroundings. The hawk does not take pleasure in the high trees, the airs buoyancy, or the suns ray. They are there for the hawks convenience and advantage. Even the scene spread before the hawk is subject to the cold word inspection. This last line shows that the earth is under the inspection of the hawk because the hawk wants it to stay loyal to him. Then arrogance is shown in killing through the line: I kill where I please because it is all mine. The arrogance of the hawk is visible here where the hawk says that it can kill wherever it wants to. The hawk shows its arrogance because it feels that the earth is just a hunting ground for him. The tone of Hawk Roosting is arrogant. The arrogant tone gives is the picture of a bird sitting on the highest tree at the top and overlooking everything below him. He acts like he is a God who rules these creatures and can take their life whenever he pleases. Both poems were used to bring out the bad characteristics of human beings. People have always had the lust to have power and glory. Even now people still compete against each other to be the best and sometimes may go to any extent to be the best. They are even willing to break the rules not caring who they hurt as long as they are most powerful just as the hawk and pike want to be. The outer appearance of a person is what makes other people think either good or ill about him/her. A good looking and seemingly nice person may be cruel and malicious on the inside and a sinister looking man who is seemingly bad may have a good heart. Many people have been misjudged in this particular way. It is only when we know a person really well do we realize his inner personality and we still may be mistaken. In Pike and Hawk Roosting we witness two beautiful creatures on the outside but who are evil and violent on the inside. Both creatures like man show that they can deceive. The hawk appears to be asleep when he isnt and the pike has a grin on its face, which is a contrast to his real personality. There are people who are like this. They put on a fake outward appearance and then when you least expect it they stab you in the back. Another characteristic the hawk brings out that we humans have too is the tendency to take everything for granted. This is seen in Hawk Roosting where the hawk takes everything for granted. The poem tells how the hawk takes its body parts for granted just as we do. The hawk says, It took the whole of Creation to produce my foot, to produce my each feather. Like the hawk we feel that just because we have all our body parts we are perfect. We take them for granted never once thinking that we may lose one of these parts some time or another. Not only do we take our body for granted but we take our life as well. Everyday we wake up thinking that it is just another day but we must be happy because we are alive. But one thing is that we can lose this life anytime. Creation created us and if it wants to it can destroy us. The hawk also takes its life for granted. He feels he was created to rule over others, which is our thought too. We like the idea of being superior towards others but we dont like others to order us. But the most important aspect in human nature that is brought out by the pike and the hawk is on how the animals have so much brutality that they kill anyone who is a threat to its power and glory. This pint very clearly describes us humans. Some of us may go to any extent to get what we want. In Hawk Roosting the hawk does not care to hide the fact that it will kill or harm other animals and birds because he has the right to kill. No human has the right to kill so I feel the hawk cannot depict the real nature of humans. Pike however has the upper hand in depicting mans cruel nature. In Pike we see that he kills two other pike. Only the strongest will survive and only the strongest will have glory. Though most of us will not kill we will go to any extent to remove a person from coming between glory and us. If we know that he might achieve glory before us we may harm him in some way to remove the threat. Like R. L. Stevenson showed in Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, Man is not truly one, but truly two. This shows that we may have a good attitude to others but we can become evil if we want to. Outward appearances are very deceptive. The strongest pike will only win. This is a direct revelation of mans nature. Only the strongest, fastest, or smartest can win. There is no other way. Now also we see that men quarrel with each other to share power and glory that we can get in this materialistic world. What they dont realize is that the real riches are in the next world and not this. An example of being materialistic is the fight between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. If they held a plebiscite for people living in it they could vote for the country they want. But this cannot work because either country cannot bear defeat and so they will continue on fighting. This is just our nature. Just as the pike was born to kill so to are some men born in this way. Pike and Hawk Roosting are two poems, which very vividly displayed the violent nature and cruelty in wild animals. Ted Hughes conveys his message very clearly to those who can understand what he meant while writing the poems. Though Hawk Roosting used forceful words and was more violent, Pike still was the poem, which brought out the bad characteristics of man very well. Ted Hughes is a very good poet who wrote his poems really well. Though the poems have been written and people have read them they still dont understand the message he is trying to convey or they do understand but dont bother t o listen to it. The hawk and pike are two animals known for their violence and Ted Hughes portrays this violence very well in his poems.

The eNotes Blog World Class Snapshots of Classrooms From Around theGlobe

World Class Snapshots of Classrooms From Around theGlobe The ever-curious Brain Pickings  yesterday shed light on a fascinating project, Classroom Portraits. Since 2004, photographer Julian Germain has captured images of classrooms the world over, progressing from his small corner of North East England to include schools from North and South America, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Collected in a new book, Germains photos provide unique insight into childhoods both familiar and foreign, sharing what makes  schoolkids  around the globe so similar, yet worlds apart. England, Bradford, Year 7, Art Each photograph captures the same faces weve all seen in the classroom growing up: you have the bored and the enrapt, the angry and the apathetic, the eager and the daydreamers. Germain captures all of these and more in his trans-global portraits. Wales, Felindre, Reception and Years 1 2, Numeracy Yet, just as these photos begin to hark back to ones own school days, you come across a classroom like the one snapped in Yemen, below. A small room packed with serious-looking men, the only thing belying their young age the dark but faint peach fuzz atop each ones upper lip. Yemen, Sanaa, Secondary Year 2, English Flipping past the slightly militaristic uniforms of a class of Peruvian 4th-graders Peru, Cusco, Primary Grade 4, Mathematics to a colorfully Havanan classroom Havana, Cuba, Year 2, Mathematics and a stark Nigerian one Nigeria, Kano, Ooron Dutse, Senior Islamic Secondary Level 2, Social Studies you are reminded that this (Im presuming for most of you) is not the childhood you remember. But while the environments and languages might not be the same, its always easy to spot some common ground: in one image a band of sulky pubescents, in another a mob of sticky-fingered kindergartners, and in all the compulsory child with the mischievous glint in his eye, the one who is certainly up to no good at all. England, Seaham, Reception and Year 1, Structured Play In each photo Germain has also managed to evoke the gang-like quality found in a room full of students. He positions them with their eyes locked on the camera, staring it down as though ready to pounce at any given moment. Perhaps the one similarity we should be mindful of in every classroom is the courage it takes to stand up in front of a room of these creatures and teach them. Cuba, Havana, Playa, Year 9, national television screening of film ‘Can Gamba’ (about Cuban participation in Angolan Revolution) No, in all seriousness Classroom Portraits is a joyful reminder of the many fresh young minds out there in the world, and the importance a good education serves in shaping every one of them. Lagos, Nigeria. Basic 7 / Junior Secondary Level 1, Mathematics For more on the project, you can visit Germains website or purchase his book Classroom Portraits 2004-2012 on Amazon.

Albert Einstein, Developer of the Theory of Relativity

Albert Einstein, Developer of the Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879–April 18, 1955), a German-born theoretical physicist who lived during the 20th century, revolutionized scientific thought. Having developed the Theory of Relativity, Einstein opened the door for the development of atomic power and the creation of the atomic bomb. Einstein is best known for his 1905 general theory of relativity, Emc2, which posits that energy (E) equals mass (m) times the speed of light (c) squared. But his influence went far beyond that theory. Einsteins theories also changed thinking about how the planets revolve around the sun. For his scientific contributions, Einstein also won the 1921 Nobel Prize in physics. Einstein also was forced to Flee Nazi Germany after the rise of Adolf Hitler. Its no exaggeration to say that his theories indirectly helped lead the Allies to victory over the Axis powers in World War II, particularly the defeat of Japan. Fast Facts: Albert Einstein Known For: The General Theory of Relativity, Emc2, which led to the development of the atomic bomb and atomic power.Born: March 14, 1879 in Ulm,  Kingdom of Wà ¼rttemberg,  German EmpireParents: Hermann Einstein and Pauline KochDied: April 18, 1955 in Princeton, New JerseyEducation: Swiss Federal Polytechnic (1896–1900, B.A., 1900; University of Zurich, Ph.D., 1905)Published Works: On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, Does an Object’s Inertia Depend on Its Energy Content?Awards and Honors: Barnard Medal (1920), Nobel Prize in Physics (1921), Matteucci Medal (1921), Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1926), Max Planck Medal (1929), Time Person of the Century (1999)Spouses: Mileva Marić (m. 1903–1919), Elsa Là ¶wenthal (m. 1919–1936)Children: Lieserl, Hans Albert Einstein, EduardNotable Quote: Try and penetrate with our limited means the secrets of na ture and you will find that, behind all the discernible concatenations, there remains something subtle, intangible and inexplicable. Early Life and Education Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Germany to Jewish parents, Hermann and Pauline Einstein. A year later, Hermann Einsteins business failed and he moved his family to Munich to start a new electric business with his brother Jakob. In Munich, Alberts sister Maja was born in 1881. Only two years apart in age, Albert adored his sister and they had a close relationship with each other their whole lives. Although Einstein is now considered the epitome of genius, in the first two decades of his life, many people thought Einstein was the exact opposite. Right after Einstein was born, relatives were concerned with Einsteins pointy head. Then, when Einstein didnt talk until he was 3 years old, his parents worried something was wrong with him. Einstein also failed to impress his teachers. From elementary school through college, his teachers and professors thought he was lazy, sloppy, and insubordinate. Many of his teachers thought he would never amount to anything. When Einstein was 15 years old, his fathers new business had failed and the Einstein family moved to Italy. At first, Albert remained behind in Germany to finish high school, but he was soon unhappy with that arrangement and left school to rejoin his family. Rather than finish high school, Einstein decided to apply directly to the prestigious Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, Switzerland. Although he failed the entrance exam on the first try, he spent a year studying at a local high school and retook the entrance exam in October 1896 and passed. Once at the Polytechnic, Einstein again did not like school. Believing that his professors only taught old science, Einstein would often skip class, preferring to stay home and read about the newest in scientific theory. When he did attend class, Einstein would often make it obvious that he found the class dull. Some last-minute studying allowed Einstein to graduate in 1900. However, once out of school, Einstein was unable to find a job because none of his teachers liked him enough to write him a recommendation letter. For nearly two years, Einstein worked at short-term jobs until a friend was able to help him get a job as a patent clerk at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. Finally, with a job and some stability, Einstein was able to marry his college sweetheart, Mileva Maric, whom his parents strongly disapproved. The couple went on to have two sons: Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910). Einstein the Patent Clerk For seven years, Einstein worked six days a week as a patent clerk. He was responsible for examining the blueprints of other peoples inventions and then determining whether they were feasible. If they were, Einstein had to ensure that no one else had already been given a patent for the same idea. Somehow, between his very busy work and family life, Einstein not only found time to earn a doctorate from the University of Zurich (awarded 1905) but found time to think. It was while working at the patent office that Einstein made his most influential discoveries. Influential Theories In 1905, while working at the patent office, Einstein wrote five scientific papers, which were all published in the Annalen der Physik (Annals of Physics, a major physics journal). Three of these were published together in September 1905. In one paper, Einstein theorized that light must not just travel in waves but existed as particles, which explained the photoelectric effect. Einstein himself described this particular theory as revolutionary. This was also the theory for which Einstein won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. In another paper, Einstein tackled the mystery of why pollen never settled to the bottom of a glass of water but rather, kept moving (Brownian motion). By declaring that the pollen was being moved by water molecules, Einstein solved a longstanding, scientific mystery and proved the existence of molecules. His third paper described Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity, in which Einstein revealed that space and time are not absolutes. The only thing that is constant, Einstein stated, is the speed of light; the rest of space and time are all based on the position of the observer. Not only are space and time not absolutes, Einstein discovered that energy and mass, once thought completely distinct items, were actually interchangeable. In his Emc2  equation (Eenergy, mmass, and cspeed of light), Einstein created a simple formula to describe the relationship between energy and mass. This formula reveals that a very small amount of mass can be converted into a huge amount of energy, leading to the later invention of the atomic bomb. Einstein was only 26 years old when these articles were published and already he had done more for science than any individual since Sir Isaac Newton. Scientists Take Notice In 1909, four years after his theories were first published, Einstein was finally offered a teaching position. Einstein enjoyed being a teacher at the University of Zurich. He had found traditional schooling as he grew up extremely limiting and thus he wanted to be a different kind of teacher. Arriving at school unkempt, with hair uncombed and his clothes too baggy, Einstein soon became known as much for his appearance as his teaching style. As Einsteins fame within the scientific community grew, offers for new, better positions began to pour in. Within only a few years, Einstein worked at the University of Zurich (Switzerland), then the German University in Prague (Czech Republic), and then went back to Zurich for the Polytechnic Institute. The frequent moves, the numerous conferences that Einstein attended, and preoccupation of Einstein with science left Mileva (Einsteins wife) feeling both neglected and lonely. When Einstein was offered a professorship at the University of Berlin in 1913, she didnt want to go. Einstein accepted the position anyway. Not long after arriving in Berlin, Mileva and Albert separated. Realizing the marriage could not be salvaged, Mileva took the kids back to Zurich. They officially divorced in 1919. Achieves Worldwide Fame During  World War I, Einstein stayed in Berlin and worked diligently on new theories. He worked like a man obsessed. With Mileva gone, he often forgot to eat and sleep. In 1917, the stress eventually took its toll and he collapsed. Diagnosed with gallstones, Einstein was told to rest. During his recuperation, Einsteins cousin Elsa helped nurse him back to health. The two became very close and when Alberts divorce was finalized, Albert and Elsa married. It was during this time that Einstein revealed his General Theory of Relativity, which considered the effects of acceleration and gravity on time and space. If Einsteins theory was correct, then the gravity of the sun would bend light from stars. In 1919, Einsteins General Theory of Relativity could be tested during a solar eclipse. In May 1919, two British astronomers (Arthur Eddington and Sir Frances Dyson) were able to put together an expedition that observed the  solar eclipse  and documented the bent light. In November 1919, their findings were announced publicly. After having suffered monumental bloodshed during World War I, people around the world were craving news that went beyond their countrys borders. Einstein became a worldwide celebrity overnight. It wasnt just his revolutionary theories; it was Einsteins general persona that appealed to the masses. Einsteins disheveled hair, poorly fitting clothes, doe-like eyes, and witty charm endeared him to the average person. He was a genius, but he was an approachable one. Instantly famous, Einstein was hounded by reporters and photographers wherever he went. He was given honorary degrees and asked to visit countries around the world. Albert and Elsa took trips to the United States, Japan, Palestine (now Israel), South America, and throughout Europe. Becomes an Enemy of the State Although Einstein spent the 1920s traveling and making special appearances, these took away from the time he could work on his scientific theories. By the early 1930s, finding time for science wasnt his only problem. The political climate in Germany was changing drastically. When  Adolf Hitler  took power in 1933, Einstein was luckily visiting the United States (he never returned to Germany). The Nazis promptly declared Einstein an enemy of the state, ransacked his house, and burned his books. As death threats began, Einstein finalized his plans to take a position at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey. He arrived at Princeton on Oct. 17, 1933. Einstein suffered a personal loss when Elsa died on Dec. 20, 1936. Three years later, Einsteins sister Maja fled from  Mussolinis Italy  and came to live with Einstein in Princeton. She stayed until her death in 1951. Until the Nazis took power in Germany, Einstein had been a devoted pacifist for his entire life. However, with the harrowing tales coming out of Nazi-occupied Europe, Einstein reevaluated his pacifist ideals. In the case of the Nazis, Einstein realized they needed to be stopped, even if that meant using military might to do so. The Atomic Bomb In July 1939, scientists  Leo Szilard  and Eugene Wigner visited Einstein to discuss the possibility that Germany was working on building an atomic bomb. The ramifications of Germany building such a destructive weapon prompted Einstein to write a letter to  President Franklin D. Roosevelt  to warn him about this potentially massive weapon. In response, Roosevelt established the  Manhattan Project, a collection of U.S. scientists urged to beat Germany to the construction of a working atomic bomb. Even though Einsteins letter prompted the Manhattan Project, Einstein himself never worked on constructing the atomic bomb. Later Years and Death From 1922 until the end of his life, Einstein worked on finding a unified field theory. Believing that God does not play dice, Einstein searched for a single, unified theory that could combine all the fundamental forces of physics between elementary particles. Einstein never found it. In the years after World War II, Einstein advocated for a world government and for civil rights. In 1952, after the death of Israels first President Chaim Weizmann, Einstein was offered the presidency of Israel. Realizing that he was not good at politics and too aged to start something new, Einstein declined the offer. On April 12, 1955, Einstein collapsed at his home. Just six days later, on April 18, 1955, Einstein died when the aneurysm he had been living with for several years finally burst. He was 76 years old. Resources and Further Reading â€Å"The Year Of Albert Einstein.†Ã‚  Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 1 June 2005.â€Å"Albert Einstein.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 14 Feb. 2019.Kuepper, Hans-Josef. â€Å"The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein.†Ã‚  Albert Einstein - Honours, Prizes and Awards.

Resume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Resume - Essay Example 1. I actively participated in all kinds of volunteering activities in arranging event during my stay in Alsabah wa Al Setoon Secondary School, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2006. 2. I served as a volunteer worker in the â€Å"Orphan’s Day† in 2008 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 3. I attended and energetically participated in â€Å"Compass Cycle Thinking† Workshop in 2008 at King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Education for Girls Scientific Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 4. Partook as a volunteer in â€Å"Happy Leaders† activity arranged by Self- development Center from 30.12. 2009 – 08.01.2010 (29 hours). 5. Participated in the formation the largest Human Awareness Pink Ribbon Oct 2010. 6. Significantly contributed in the first Geometrics Symposium in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia GTC in 2011. 7. I attended the first forum of the Architectural Heritage 2011. 8. I attended a training course approved by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties under the title understand the different personal styles (understanding of the characters) 2013.

Financial or Economic Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Financial or Economic Systems - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the collapses of 2008 resulting from the financial crisis were critical in pushing the button for corporates to alter corporate actions and restructure to access a wider market. It also alarmed governments to initiate radical reforms of existing corporate governance to salvage the situation. Transitory states awoke to the realization that the privilege of investors inclined to companies and economies that implement sound corporate governance. In relation to this, the challenge of the industry is double-edged: the harmonization of corporate governance to universal standards and the improvement of competitiveness to enhance the attraction of more investment. A great diversity exists in both the status of corporate economic systems and the measures to enhance them in most countries. Presumably, the stated diversity is a reflection of the variegated circumstances of every country. The circumstances include the development state of a nation, the relationship be tween government and business, the financial structure inclusive of funds procurement structures, the shareholding structure and the market for talent among others. Of interest are the commonalities that surface in the direction of system improvements. To say, the direction of enhancement in governance via mutual supervision and the improvements in mechanisms to this end is a typical feature in most countries with most countries endeavoring to enhance corporate systems. All this aim at maximizing long-term corporate value based on the perspective of an array of stakeholders. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the approaches to enhancing corporate governance differ in relation to a country's economic ideology as earlier mentioned. For instance, a capitalistic economy would approach governance from a different viewpoint compared to a command-based economy. From theory, it is widely known that command economies dictate that the government makes the decision on the goods and service to be produced, coupled with their distribution. In this economy, government officials evaluate the needs and resources of the country or state and allocate or distribute the resources according to the evaluation. Arguably, rather than a hedge on the requirements of individual consumers, service and goods delivery inclines to aggregate needs.

Ladies & Gentleman Essay Example for Free

Ladies Gentleman Essay The point was about the term â€Å"ladies and gentlemen. † It would be easy to think of upper class women in flashy dresses and extravagant hats and men in tailcoats and top hats when talking about ladies and gentlemen. However, one of my goals when using the terms is to make their definitions much more than mere appearance, if appearance at all. This modernization of the terms helps bring the definition into the current century and throw away the traditional and very close-minded definition. It is for this reason that I believe being a lady or gentleman is based on personality, how a person treats others, I speak for most people who use the term â€Å"ladies and gentlemen† in reference to a person’s conduct, not a person’s class, social standing, race, sexuality. Some, when faced with the terms â€Å"ladies and gentlemen,† will immediately assume the worst by using the outdated definitions. Some will also dig for reasons to label those who use â€Å"ladies and gentlemen†. In labeling us this way, these people do not facilitate any sort of progress for the terms or for any sort of unity for women, or men, ladies or gentleman. We live where we ought to not judge people by the color of their skin, their class, gender, or sexuality, with all of this, there are still groups who refuse to take off their blinders. Ladies and Gentleman, now there is a saying that has been with us for a long time, but what does it really mean and where did it come from? Let’s start with the ladies as we all have been known to do in the century we live in today to always allow ladies to be first. The term ladies could mean many different things to many different cultures so let’s get the one that is primarily recognized by all. There are numerous definitions of a lady and I am sure that we all have varied opinions of what a lady is, but here is a few from the dictionary. â€Å"Chiefly British A general feminine title of nobility and other rank, specifically, Used as the title for the wife or widow of a knight or baronet. Used as a form of address for a marchioness, countess, viscounts, baroness, or baronets’. Used as a form of address for the wife or widow of a baron. Used as a courtesy title for the daughter of a duke, a marquis, or an Earl. Used as a courtesy title for the wife of a younger son of a duke or marquis† (Ladies, n. . ). To discuss gentleman, as in reference to ladies is an entirely different topic but closely related . However to separate them is almost UN heard of in this society we live in today. The writer here feels it of necessity to come up with a definition of what is a gentleman where did this term come from. The definition of what the dictionary states is :, A man of gentle or noble birth or superior social position: Hes too much a gentleman to be a scholar†, Used as a form of address for a group of men (gentleman, n. . ). Now we have a general idea of what a Ladies and a gentleman Are, let’s put them together to get a better understanding of â€Å"Ladies and Gentleman†. To take a look at them individually is one aspect to consider but let’s look at what a well rounded person is first and foremost prior to becoming a Lady or a gentleman. IUomo Universal Literally, â€Å"universal Man† a self reliant, multitalented, freethinking individual â€Å"(Sayre H 2008-2012). From the art work to the poetry of art and even the given philosophy that was all just a cultural part of growing with the ages was known to make Ladies and gentleman and primarily a humanist in all forms of the century. It was certain beliefs and attitudes to help make people what is universally known as well rounded . However the importance from education to cultural practices from philosophy made them who they were and their practice of becoming ladies and gentleman. In a survey conducted I was able to poll ten people and from vary ages and backgrounds. Although they all had varies opinions on what a lady and what a gentleman is. It was a little redundant on what the ladies had to say concerning their definitions, and what the men had in their responses. The simple fact from the ladies side was mostly about the dress of a lady and how they carried themselves in public. However on the men’s side of the scenario it was mostly about them being of a maternal instinct, and mannerisms of a lady one being polite, sincere and genially whole. However when it came to the Gentleman part of this survey it was all about having decent employment and being a good provider, and once again a good father figure. Funny as it seems this was from both the male and the female’s opinion. My age bracket was from one, my son who is twenty one, to my neighbor who is in their sixties. The ladies were a woman in their mid twenties to my mother in her late seventies. Their vocations were that of manufacturing to one of a professional woman a teacher. However it was an interesting fact when I asked these questions to my girl who was brought up well as she calls it blue blood, or if you will high society and her idea’s and experiences being brought up to be a lady. The fact that she was taught to courtesy in her early years and to have proper mannerisms of that type of upbringing to be able to be presented to other able blue blooded men at eighteen for a possible mate to ensure of proper breeding from their bloodline was somewhat a crazy response to my questions on being a lady or a gentleman. Therefore to some things up and to suggest whether or not I agree with Castiglione and his descriptions of a woman and that of a man or should we say a lady and a gentleman? To be or not to be the real question, a woman, lady or man or gentleman. Therefore I will share my opinions on the positives, I see fit and the negatives that I believe could be harmful to ones general character. To be born out of nobility would be an awesome deal but when and where we were born and the freedom of choice in our upbringing is one I am a little half and half on if that makes sense, in other words I do believe it is wonderful to be born with your parents and having them part of your life to help guide you, and to prevent errors in their culture to help make you a well rounded person. However to feel that a judgment is made upon you from whose family you were born into and how you were to dress and what reactions one would have towards you because of your nobility at birth and being told you believe this way or that way I feel is wrong. Therefore to be judgmental of the skin the dress and down to the language and how it is spoken to others and to deem their worthiness by a person’s size is a little farfetched but perhaps in that century the judgment rang true of a person’s actions be it male or female. To be a lady who plucks eyebrows or powders their face, or to be a wanton women to honest men or I believe the proper term here is harlot. Men of good posture and build for fighting wars or one whom is of a cowardice nature, but what of those men who flatly just did not measure up to the standards of a fighter for wars. In our society today we are somewhat powerless of what our physical stature is to become and therefore almost impossible to say what we will become and surely plays an important role in the attitude towards that.

Lincoln’s Birthday :: Essays Papers

Lincoln’s Birthday This book is a compilation of letters written to and by the revered president, Abraham Lincoln. This makes it so that the same stories are told from different perspectives. All together this book is filled with historically accurate information. The opening passage is Lincoln’s own Autobiography. I wish I could insert the entire passage. I think the closing paragraph is a wonderful description of the man, both in appearance and in demeanor. â€Å"If any personal description of me is thought desirable, it may be said I am in height six feet four inches, nearly; lean in flesh, weighing, on an average, one hundred and eighty pounds; dark complexion, with coarse black hair and gray eyes – no other marks or brands recollected. â€Å"Yours very truly, A. Lincoln.† On the stormy morning of Sunday, February 12, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, wife of Thomas, gave birth to a boy. He was born on a bed of poles covered with cornhusks. The baby was named Abraham after his grandfather. In 1811 the Lincolns moved to a farm on Knob Creek, what was also near Hodgenville. In 1811 or 1812, Abraham's younger brother, Thomas, died in infancy. Abraham spent a short amount of time in a log schoolhouse. He began to learned reading, writing, and cipherin’ to the rule of three, from a teacher named Zachariah Riney. He attended school with his sister, Sarah. Late in 1816 the Lincoln family moved to southern Indiana and settled near present day Gentry Ville. A cabin was constructed near Little Pigeon Creek. It measured 16 X 18 feet, and it had only one window. Abraham's mother, Nancy, passed away on October 5th, 1818, she died of milk sickness. In 1819, Abraham would barrow books from his neighbors to read. In 1821 Abraham attended school taught by James Swaney for about 4 months. In 1824 Abraham also attended school taught by Azel Dorsey. In 1827 Abraham's sister, Sarah died giving birth to her son. In 1831, Lincoln decided to leave his family and go off on his own, but not before spending a year to build his parents a house. In July he moved to New Salem, Illinois, where he boarded at Rutledge's tavern and became acquainted with the owner's daughter, Ann. New Salem was a frontier village consisting of one long street on a bluff over the Sangamon River. During the Black hawk War Lincoln was elected captain of the volunteer militia.

Ethics of Ecology Essay

Ethics of ecology focuses on sustaining business and environment. Ethics is a set of principles about right and wrong and how human beings should behave. Ecology is about inter- relationships – between living organisms (both plants & animals) and between biological & physical entities. As people now realise that the environment is a limited resource, awareness all over the world of the necessity to protect and save the environment has grown as well. From the Bill of Rights, Chapter 2, of the S.A. Constitution, â€Å"Everyone has the right  ¬ a.to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being; and b.to have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other measures that  ¬ i.prevent pollution and ecological degradation; ii.promote conservation; and iii.secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development† Major manifestations of environmental abuse include global warming, depletion of the ozone layer pollution of air, water, resource depletion toxic waste and major health risks. From the extract we read that water has also become an ethical issue and we see Coca Cola and Nestle at the brim of this. Ethics of ecology are concerned with rights as the: Right of future generation which state that, â€Å"every person has the right to inherit an uncontaminated planet on which all forms of life may flourish.†The idea is that present generation has to bear a disproportionate burden for the sake of future generation. Since we can not undo the world it is then better if we hand over a resourceful environment to the next generation, not an environment in its worst state. One may argue that, ‘is it fair that the current generation get the benefits of using the resources and leave burdens for the future generation†, in distributive justice perception this is unethical, therefore its better we fix what we can now rather than making things worse. There is also the right to a livable environment, that everyone has a moral and legal right to a decent livable environment. A livable environment is essential to the fulfillment of our own capabilities. At first Coca Cola in its business resulted in depletion of water much worse for the current generation, It is said that, â€Å"there was severe water shortages from rural neighbours of the plant† which means the future generation would find the environment in its worst state. It appeared Coca Cola was just concerned with prioritizing profits and consumption of water. As such Coca Cola deprived the community of the right to a livable environment and threatened the right of future generation he nce it was taken to task. But in a twist we see Coca Cola owning up to its actions, it reduced its water usage by 24%, installed rain water harvesting systems in its plants hence it became a leader in water management practices. Coca cola further recycled water, replenished water and gave back safe drinking water to the community. Now that’s upholding the rights of future generation and that of a livable environment. On the other hand it’s Nestle which its main beverage business is bottled water. This has raised criticism and ethical issues of water wastage, as it takes three litres of water to make one litre of bottled water. The issue is that if we waste so much now what will the future generation have. Focusing on the tragedy of the commons, the concept stress that there is real value in these â€Å"free’ resources as water, as such there has to be a protection system in place to safeguard the value of these free resources. From the extract we see that some governments have already begun to act against bottled water. Even though Nestle have taken the initiative of water conversation, their means are not as aggressive as that of Coca Cola, Nestle still contend that â€Å"bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world† even though we know so much water is wasted, and the saddest thing is that it is most promoted in developed countries due to increased materialistic cultural values even though tap water is perfectly safe in those countries. It implies then that Nestle takes for granted water, as a limited resource showing little emphasis on conservation and more on consumption. Nestle does not only waste water, the bottles are also biodegradable, one may ask, has Nestle taken any initiative to deal with waste management of the bottles. Not only will humans suffer from water wastage, but the bottles will ultimately harm the environment. An ethic of Ecological Holism comes to play, that the environment bears the interference with nature. These bottles end up in rivers, lakes, the oceans polluting the water and marine live hence the environment right to have its integrity, stability and beauty is compromised. Conclusion In conclusion it is necessary to embrace the need to conserve the environment so that business and human life are sustained in future. Currently we are being scotched by earlier ignorance of people who did not preserve the environment, there is global warming, change of climates and seasons, characterised by extreme coldness or extreme hotness, scares rainfall in some parts of the world and persistent floods in some. Adopting Initiatives as going green, recycling, reducing, reusing and respecting rights of the environment and non-human life will help sustain business and environment, and business ought to take autonomy over their acts.

Analyse the presentation of Crooks Essay

Analyse the presentation of Crooks in â€Å"Of Mice and Men†. Comment on how this helps to create a realistic picture of 1930’s California  John Steinbeck’s â€Å"Of mice and men† was written in the 1930’s, a time of great depression throughout the world. It was a time when racism was still widespread in America. It is based on a ranch in California. In the story Crooks is the only black person on the ranch. Crooks is disabled, with a crooked back where â€Å"a horse once kicked him†. It describes him as having â€Å"pain tightened lips† because of this. He is also described as being â€Å"a proud aloof man†. He is shown to be an educated man through the fact that he owns a dictionary and tries to research what rights he does have by using his â€Å"mauled copy of the California civil code for 1905.† The fact that Steinbeck uses the word mauled infers that it was used a great deal. In the story, Crooks was treated with little respect. He acts like he wants no real contact with the white workers on the ranch by â€Å"keeping his distance and demanding that other people kept theirs†. I think that he really wanted some friends but doesn’t show it because no-one will be friends with him. The boss also has no respect for him and takes his anger out on him for no reason when he is mad. He lives in a tack room built onto the side of the barn because he is unwanted in the bunkhouse. This is probably due to the fact that the society of the time believed in racial segregation. He has no friends on the ranch and is totally isolated. He had no rights or a say on what goes on on the ranch or in America for that matter. There were thousands like him all over America that were stuck in the same situation. They were not treated well for what seems to me a trivial reason. The book was very controversial at the time as Steinbeck portrays Crooks as being the same inside as any other man. This is a view that challenged all of the other contemporary views at the time. A lot of people were outraged at this as they thought of Crooks and other black people as somehow inferior to them. The fact that we only meet Crooks at all is an accident. I think he hated his life there on the ranch, but had no way to get out of it. In the first part of the book (chapters 1-3) we find out the views of Crooks from the other characters there. The racism towards him may have been innocent as the racism in the country then was inherent (passed down through the generations). We now move on to chapter 4, where we find out about Crooks and his own opinions through an accidental encounter with Lennie. It all starts when Lennie is in the barn with his pup and everyone else has gone into town. He sees the light from Crooks’ little hut which is built into the barn. He stumbles in and Crooks acts like Lennie is unwanted – â€Å"Crooks scowled but Lennie’s disarming smile defeated him.† I think that he actually thought about it and realised that he could do with some company. Steinbeck uses Lennie’s character to ‘accidentally’ stumble upon him because Lennie does not understand the political views of the world at that time, so he walks right in and talks to him the right way, treating him with respect, as he would anyone else. Crooks then settles down a bit and pours out what seems to be his entire life story to Lennie, now he finally has someone to talk to. He tells him about his life before working on the ranch. He speaks of the fact he was happy before, and says that his father had a chicken ranch. Maybe this meant he would prefer to be back there, missing his relatives who he knows would treat him as an equal. He also talks about that he used to play with the local white kids and that his â€Å"ol’ man did not like that†. He then proceeds to say â€Å"I never knew why till long later why he didn’t do that. But I know now.† During the conversation, Crooks asks Lennie what he would do if George (who he relies on completely) never came back. It seems like Crooks is getting excited over having an advantage over a white person, â€Å"Crooks’ face lighted with pleasure at his torture† but later on you think about it and realise what Crooks was trying to do. He was showing Lennie what it would be like to be him, to have no-one and be completely alone. He then explains this to Lennie: â€Å"a guy needs somebody – to be near him†¦A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody.† Through this we realise how truly lonely he really is. Lennie starts talking about his and George’s dream of getting their own ranch somewhere. Candy then appears at the doorway and Crooks lets him in. Candy confirms all that Lennie says and they share their dream with him. Crooks then realises that they might succeed in getting a ranch. He then says â€Å"†¦If you†¦guys would want a hand to work for nothing – just his keep, why I’d come and lend a hand.† He suddenly realises what this could mean for him. He sees this as an opportunity to escape from his life on the ranch and make a new life for himself He is still holding onto that dream when suddenly Curley’s wife appears in the doorway. She makes all three men feel uncomfortable. She comments that everyone else had â€Å"left the weak ones here.† This is ironic really because what she doesn’t realise is that she too is classed as a ‘weak one’ for being female (women were still unable to vote then and males were the dominant gender). Crooks is then taken in by the dream to the extent that he forgot his place. For a moment he seems as brave as any man. He stood up to Curley’s wife and demands her to leave – â€Å"You ain’t got no rights comin’ in a coloured man’s room†¦Now you just get out.† Curley’s wife then threatens him: â€Å"You keep your place Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it wouldn’t even be funny.† The reality then hits him. His dreams shattered. He then remembers his place, at the bottom of society. â€Å"Crooks had reduced himself to nothing. There was no personality, no ego – nothing to arouse either like or dislike.† Being threatened like this pushes him back down to earth, and he realises that she is right. She could easily get him lynched if she wanted to. I think that overall Steinbeck succeeds in creating a roughly realistic picture of the general attitudes towards racism in the 1930’s. He creates a convincing character in Crooks that makes you think of the ethics behind racism overall. Why does it happen? Why are people different on the outside any different on the inside? I think that Steinbeck’s intentions were to present these and other questions to the reader and make them think about the reasoning behind traditional racist attitudes.